Somalia is a country located in the Horn of Africa. Due to the complex political situation in Somalia, it is important to note that the country has experienced significant political instability and is currently undergoing a process of rebuilding its political institutions. Here is some information about the political system in Somalia based on the most recent available knowledge:
- Federal Republic: Somalia operates as a Federal Republic, although the effectiveness and implementation of the federal structure have been a subject of ongoing discussions and challenges. The government is based on a provisional constitution adopted in 2012.
- Federal Parliament: The Federal Parliament of Somalia is the country’s legislative body. It consists of two chambers: the Upper House (Senate) and the Lower House (House of the People). The Upper House has 54 members, with representatives from each of the federal member states. The Lower House has 275 members who are elected by clan-based delegates.
- Executive Branch: The executive branch of Somalia consists of the President, who is the head of state, and the Prime Minister, who is the head of government. The President is elected by members of the Federal Parliament, and the Prime Minister is appointed by the President.
- Political Parties: Somalia has a multi-party system, although political parties in Somalia tend to be loosely organized and primarily based on clan affiliations. Some of the prominent political parties include the Forum for National Parties (FNP), Peace and Development Party (PDP), and the Union for Peace and Development Party (UPDP).
- Judiciary: The judiciary in Somalia is being rebuilt and reformed. It includes the Federal Constitutional Court, Federal High Court, and Federal Courts of First Instance. Traditional systems of justice, such as customary law and Sharia law, also play a significant role in resolving disputes at the community level.
- Regional Administrations: Somalia is divided into several regional administrations, including the federal member states of Puntland, Galmudug, Hirshabelle, Jubaland, South West State, and the self-declared Republic of Somaliland. These regional administrations have varying degrees of autonomy and play a role in local governance.
